A10.3-R3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1. Each question below gives a multiple choice of answers. Choose the most appropriate one and enter in the “tear-off” answer sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

1.1 The use of lookup tables in display monitor is to:

A) increase the resolution of the picture on the screen

B) increase the range of colour shades

C) provide a variety of colour palettes but number of available colours remain same

D) store the colour information of the picture

1.2 The format for storing digital audio in multimedia applications is:

A) JPEG

B) TIFF

C) WAV

D) BMP

1.3 Pick out the correct statement for Bezier curves.

A) Best curves are drawn when starting and end slope of the curves are same.

B) A curve is proper only if the cubic polynomials for x and y are identical.

C) The control points may lie anywhere on the screen.

D) The control points should be so placed that values of x coordinate are in the increasing order.

1.4 Translation operations can result in -

A) panning

B) zooming

C) interlacing

D) viewing

1.5 One of the following applications is not directly linked with multimedia:

A) advertising

B) games development

C) CBT (computer based teaching)

D) accounting

1.6 In order to determine the visibility of the line against a rectangular window using endpoint codes, it is found that the codes for the line are 0101 and 0001. The line would be:

A) totally visible

B) totally invisible

C) partially visible

D) lying along one of the edges of the window

1.7 The perspective projection of the point (1,2,2,) on the Z=0 plane with the eye being placed at (0,0, -2) is:

A) (0.5,1)

B) (1, 1.5)

C) 1.5, 2)

D) None of the above

1.8 The principal vanishing points for the standard perspective transformations are:

A) three

B) two

C) one

D) none

1.9 A cube placed at the origin is rotated about the X-axis in clockwise direction. A
viewer located on Z-axis at distance 10 from origin at any time would be able to see:

A) just one side of the cube

B) always two sides of the cube

C) maximum of two sides of the cube

D) maximum of 3 sides of the cube

1.10 For carrying out animation you would:

A) blank out the screen before making the next changes in object position.

B) prefer to draw the object in new position and then delete the old one.

C) prefer to draw the object at current position in background colour and then redraw it at new position.

D) adjust the rate of refreshing.

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 MIDI files occupy less space than WAV files.

2.2 The resolution of a mouse must be compatible with that of the monitor.

2.3 A mirror reflection of a figure can be obtained by a combination of translation and scaling transformations.

2.4 A cubic Bezier curve cannot be drawn if the control points are located at the vertices of a rectangle.

2.5 The Sutherland Cohen algorithm fails to clip a line if it is vertical and partly lying within the window.

2.6 In computer animation, each frame in the sequence is called Key-frame.

2.7 The purpose of the display processor is to free the CPU from the burden of the graphics work.

2.8 Bresenham circle generation algorithm involves only integer additions, subtractions and multiplications.

2.9 GKS is a standardized method of developing graphics programs.

2.10 The 3D rotation about Z-axis is same as the 2D rotation in homogeneous coordinates.

3. Match words and phrases in column X with the closest related meaning/ word(s)/phrase(s) in column Y. Enter your selection in the “tear-off” answer sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

X		Y
3.1	The coordinates system we normally use to locate points is	A.	Frame buffer
3.2	A special area of memory dedicated to graphics only is called	B.	10:1
3.3	Data compression for run length encoded pictures is about	C.	Scaling
3.4	The geometric transformations, in which the dimensions of an object are expanded or compressed	D.	Right handed Cartesian system
3.5	The property that the adjacent pixels except at boundary edges, are likely to have the same characteristics	E.	Filtering
3.6	The process of extracting a portion of a database/a picture	F.	(X max – X min)/(Y max – Y min)
3.7	The aspect ratio of a rectangular window or view port is	G.	Clipping
3.8	The principle used in Seed-fill algorithms using stack	H.	Cyrus Beck Algorithm
3.9	Depth sort or priority algorithm is also called	I.	Oblique
3.10	The clipping algorithm which uses the normal vector for determining whether a point on a line is inside or outside the window	J.	FILO
		K.	Sutherland Hodgeman
		L.	View plane
		M.	Painters Algorithm
		N.	Spatial Coherence

4. Each statement below has a blank space to fit one of the word(s) or phrase(s) in the list below. Enter your choice in the “tear-off” answer sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

A.	Morphing	B.	MIDI	C.	Refresh rate
D.	Linktext	E.	Stroke method	F.	Mid point subdivision
G.	Blending Function	H.	Greater than	I.	16 bit
J.	Less than	K.	32 bit	L.	Rubber Banding
M.	Integer	N.	DDA

4.1 ________ is an operation by which a cursor can be moved to any position while the line/ curve is drawn.

4.2. The number of times images is redrawn on CRT is known as ________.

4.3. A(n) ________ refers to a text document that has been linked.

4.4. The ________ algorithm is used for generating line segments.

4.5. Transformation of object shapes from one form to another is called ________.

4.6. The ________ for character generation lends itself to changes of scale.

4.7. The ________ interpolate the curve between the sampled points.

4.8. The ________ line-clipping algorithm can be easily implemented in hardware.

4.9. ________ 44khz would represent high quality sound.

4.10 The voltage required to drive the picture tube of a graphics monitor is ________ the supply voltage.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) Describe the salient features of GKS.

b) Briefly explain working of a tablet.

c) How are top and side views generated on the screen?

(5+5+5)

a) Describe in detail the video conferencing and media entertainment indicating the software and peripheral required for the same.

b) Explain geometric continuities and parametric continuities. What is the condition for smoothly joining curve segments?

(8+7)

a) For a medium resolution display of 640 pixels by 480 lines refreshing 60 times per second, the video controller fetches 16 bits in one memory cycle. RAM memory chips have cycle times around 200ns. How many memory cycles will be needed for displaying 16 one-bit pixels?

b) Explain briefly Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm. Outline the algorithmic steps for extending Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm to three-dimensional case.

(7+8)

a) Differentiate between video compression standards and multimedia video compression standards.

b) Describe three base types of encoded output frames.

c) Discuss the compression standards used for continuous one still images.

(5+5+5)

9. Write short notes on any three of the following: -

i) Tweeking and Morphing

ii) Graphic standards

iii) MIDI Hardware, Messages and files

iv) Stack based and queue based seed fill algorithms

(5×3)

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Posted by aggrkmhl

A10.2-R3: INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTATED PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1 Which of the following is Java keyword?

A) external

B) implement

C) throw

D) Integer

1.2 What gets printed when the following program is compiled and run?

class test {

public static void main (String args[]) {

int i;

do {

i++;

while(i < 0);

System.out.println(i);

A) The program does not compile, as i is not initialized.

B) The program compiles but does not run.

C) The program compiles and runs but does not print anything.

D) The program prints 0.

1.3 The last statement in a finalize method should always be

A) super (finalize)

B) super.finalize( )

C) finalize(methodname)

D) None of the above

1.4 What gets printed when the following program is compiled and run?

public class incr {

public static void main (String args[]) {

int i , j;

i = j = 3;

int n = 2 * ++i;

int m = 2 * j++;

System.out.println(i + " " + j + " " + n + " " + m);

}}

A) 4 4 8 6

B) 4 4 8 8

C) 4 4 6 6

D) 4 3 8 6

1.5 What is byte code in the context of Java?

A) The type of code generated by a Java compiler

B) The type of code generated by a Java Virtual Machine

C) It is another name for a Java source file

D) It is the code written within the instance methods of a class

1.6 Which of the following keyword should be used to make a variable defined in a class accessible only to methods defined in the classes in same package.

A) By using the keyword package before the variable.

B) By using the keyword private before the variable.

C) By using the keyword protected before the variable.

D) The variable should not be preceded by any of the above-mentioned keywords.

1.7 Select the one most appropriate answer. What is the purpose of method parseInt defined in Integer class?

A) The method converts an integer to a String.

B) The method is used to convert String to an integer, assuming that the String represents an integer.

C) The method is used to convert String to Integer class, assuming that the String represents an integer.

D) The method converts the Integer object to a String.

1.8 What is the default priority of a newly created thread?

A) MIN_PRIORITY (which is defined as 1 in the Thread class.)

B) NORM_PRIORITY (which is defined as 5 in the Thread class.)

C) MAX_PRIORITY (which is defined as 10 in the Thread class.)

D) A thread inherits the priority of its parent thread.

1.9 Which one does not have a valueOf(String) method

A) Integer

B) Boolean

C) Long

D) Short

1.10 Which of the following method is used to initialize the instance variable of a class.

A) Class

B) Public

C) Constructor

D) Destructor

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 By using a thread class multithreaded program can be created.

2.2 It is possible for two threads to access the same variable or the same method of same object at same time.

2.3 A class that inherits from another class is called a super class and the inherited class is called subclass.

2.4 The size () method determines the number of elements in Vector.

2.5 Classes, which are declared as final, can have at least one subclass derived from it.

2.6 By default classes inherit from the Object class, which is a super class of all classes in the java class hierarchy.

2.7 Initialization can happen only ones in the applets lifetime

2.8 The label’s font can be changed using the setFont() method

2.9 A component can have multiple listeners for an event type

2.10 Key events are generated when a user presses or releases a key on the keyboard.

X		Y
3.1	To compare two strings to each other	A.	wrapper class
3.2	The block will execute even whether or not an Exception is thrown is done through	B.	static method
3.3	It is used for garbage collection	C.	.equals( )
3.4	addElement( ) is the method of	D.	do while loop
3.5	The loop that will always be executed once	E.	main ( )
3.6	To ensure that resource will be executed by only one Thread at a time	F.	finally
3.7	It is invoked even before a single instance of a Class is created	G.	finalize ( )
3.8	Java applets doesn’t have	H.	Vector class
3.9	Integer class is a member of	I.	Synchronized
3.10	is used to instantiate the Object	J.	Constructor
		K.	Destructor
		L.	join( )

A.	Applets	B.	Start()	C.	JRadioButtons
D.	Inheritance	E.	Implements	F.	throws
G.	String	H.	Class	I .	Bytecode
J.	Join()	K.	ActionListener	L.	Constructor

4.1 Java ____________ are java programs, which are specifically made to run in a java enabled web browser.

4.2 The bytecode file created by the Java compiler has a(n) __________extension.

4.3 The methods used to instantiate the object from a class are called _________.

4.4 __________ is a mechanism that enables one class to inherit all the behavior and attributes of another class.

4.5 A class can use an interface by using the ___________ clause.

4.6 RadioButtons are implemented in swing through the __________ class.

4.7 A special clause called __________ is used in method definition to indicate that a method may possibly throw an exception.

4.8 The _______ ___ control method is used to temporarily stop the execution of the thread.

4.9 The ___________ method suspends the current thread until that thread object dies.

4.10 After the ___________ method is called, the thread is in a Runnable state.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) What is the difference between Abstract class and an Interface?

b)         Explain, “write once and run anywhere” nature of Java.

c) What does the “final” keyword mean in front of a variable, a method and a class?

d) What does the “static” keyword mean in front of a variable, a method and a class?

e) What is JDBC? What are its drivers? Explain in brief.

(5×3)

6. Write a program using swing and awt to design a digital clock.

(15)

a) Explain the Dynamic method dispatch with the help of coding.

b) Distinguish between packages and interfaces with examples.

(8+7)

a) What do you understand by Inter thread Communication? Explain it.

b) Write a program to print factorial numbers.

(5+10)

9. Write short notes on: -

a) Proxy servers

b) Exception Handling

c) Access specifiers public, private, protected

d) Applet architecture

e) Constructors

(5×3)

Leave a Comment » | Jan 2006 A Level | Tagged: A10.2-R3: INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTATED PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA | Permalink
Posted by aggrkmhl

A10.1-R3: INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND C++

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1 In C++ the index of an array starts with

A) Any negative value.

B) Any positive value.

C) Value 1.

D) Value 0.

1.2 #include is a

A) Compiler statement

B) Debugging statement

C) Pre-processor statement

D) None of the above

1.3 Inline function acts as a

A) Function

B) Macro

C) Operator

D) Manipulator

1.4 Free store operators is (are)

A) :: (double colon)

B) & (ampersand)

C) * (star)

D) new, delete

1.5 ios represents

A) A class member function

B) A constant object

C) A stream

D) A base class

1.6 A global variable declaration is made

A) Only in main function

B) Only in functions other than main function

C) Only outside functions

D) None of the above

1.7 A class can have

A) Only one constructor

B) Any number of constructors

C) Same number of constructors as the number of data members

D) None of the above

1.8 A function with variable number of arguments

A) Have only one prototype declaration

B) Should have as many as prototype declaration to be used to actual functions used with different parameters

C) No prototype of the function required

D) None of the above

1.9 The break statement is used

A) To exit from the function in which it is used

B) To exit from the program

C) To exit from the loop in which it is used

D) To exit from all the nested loops

1.10 In overloading an operator we can use

A) To create a new operator

B) To overload the conditional operator, a ternary operator

C) Only to overload unary operator

D) To overload the unary as well as binary operator

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 Structures in C++ cannot have member functions.

2.2 Objects cannot be declared as part of a union element.

2.3 Friend functions cannot be used to overload operators.

2.4 A constructor can be used to convert a basic type to a class type data.

2.5 Casting operator function and constructor function have the same syntax.

2.6 Pure virtual functions force the programmer to redefine the virtual function.

2.7 A pointer to a base class cannot be made to point to objects of derived class.

2.8 A stream may be connected to more than one file at a time.

2.9 Binary files store floating-point values more accurately and compactly than the text files.

2.10 An exception handling mechanism is used to detecting syntax errors in the program.

X		Y
3.1	All members share the same memory	A.	function template
3.2	Enclose a code raising an exception	B.	public
3.3	To construct a family of functions, what we use?	C.	volatile
3.4	To enhance an existing data types, a statement is used	D.	enum
3.5	To determine the number of bytes used by the variable	E.	constructor
3.6	Members accessible to all users	F.	virtual
3.7	Every reference to the variable will reload the contents from memory, rather than can take advantage of situations where a register is allocated to the variable for efficiency purpose.	G.	seekg( )
3.8	Which type of class allows to inherit only one copy of a base class indirectly from more than one immediate base classes	H.	try
3.9	Declares a set of constants of type int	I.	seekp( )
3.10	We use the function to position the pointer in the input file to read from a specified location	J.	size of
		K.	union
		L.	typedef

A.	static	B.	run time	C.	friend
D.	pointers	E.	void	F.	int
G.	compile time	H.	size of	I.	heap
J.	public	K.	register	L.	virtual

4.1 The dynamic memory is allocated by the operator new from the ________ area.

4.2 An integer variable is declared as ________ to speed up data access.

4.3 ________ pointers cannot be dereferenced without explicit type casting.

4.4 ________ function allows derived classes to provide different versions of a base class function.

4.5 If the value of a local variable is to be preserved between successive calls to that function, it is to be declared as ________.

4.6 Generic-data type is known at ________.

4.7 ________ function is allowed to access the private and protected members of a class using class objects.

4.8 ________ is used to find the number of bytes taken for the user define object.

4.9 Strings are always handled through ________.

4.10 A function that has return type ________ does not return anything.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) What are the differences between pointers to constants and constant pointers? Give examples.

b) What is runtime memory management? What support is provided by C++ for this and how does it differ from C’s memory management?

(7+8)

a) What is containership or delegation? How does it differ from inheritance? Explain with suitable example.

b) What are the different forms of inheritance supported by C++? Explain by writing statements of each type.

(10+5)

7. Write a C++ program disp to display the contents of a random file beginning with the location you specify on the command line.

disp fixt.txt 15

(15)

a) Explain the concept of operator overloading? Illustrate with suitable examples? What are the operators that cannot be overloaded?

b) What is a copy constructor? What are the advantages of a copy constructor? Give examples?

c) Write down all the rules with respect to virtual functions.

(5+5+5)

a) Write a program to demonstrate the catching of all exceptions. What happens when a raised exception is not caught by catch-block (in the absence of catching all exceptions block)?

b) What is a class template? Write a template-based complete program for adding two objects of the vector class. Use dynamic data members instead of arrays for storing vector elements.

(8+7)

Leave a Comment » | Jan 2006 A Level | Tagged: A10.1-R3: INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND C++ | Permalink
Posted by aggrkmhl

A9-R3: DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1 Which of the following are the smallest and largest possible values for an IP octet?

A) 0 and 512

B) 255 and 512

C) 0 and 256

D) 0 and 255

1.2 The parameter Bit Error Rate (BER) plays more important role as compared to delay while transmitting

A) Data

B) Audio

C) Video

D) Compressed Video

1.3 Seamless networking refers to

A) A complete end-to-end digital network.

B) Use of a single platform for end-to-end communication where geographical distance between communicating entities is hidden to the end user.

C) Use of a single platform for end-to-end communication where geographical distance between communication entities is visible to the end user.

D) Use of a single platform to transmit data, audio and video.

1.4 In which of the following shape light pulses should be transmitted in order to cancel out nearly all the dispersion effects

A) Cosine

B) Triangular

C) Hyperbolic Cosine

D) Reciprocal of Hyperbolic Cosine

1.5 ARP is used to find

A) IP address

B) MAC address

C) Subnet address

D) Host address

1.6 Throughput of simple ALHOHA is

A) 18%

B) 18.8%

C) 36%

D) 36.8%

1.7 If satellite is in geosynchronous orbit, it completes one orbit in

A) One day (24 hours)

B) One hour

C) One month

D) One year

1.8 Baud is

A) Number of bits per second

B) Number of signal changes per second

C) Number of bytes per second

D) Number of characters per second

1.9 Router operates in

A) Data Link Layer

B) Network Layer

C) Transport Layer

D) All of the above

1.10 In which ARQ, when a NAK is received, all frames sent since the last frame acknowledge are retransmitted

A) Stop-and-Wait

B) Go back n

C) Selective Reject

D) Both A and B

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 All WANs are necessarily packet switched networks.

2.2 Frame relay uses large variable sized packets in contrast to ATM.

2.3 ASK is a technique to convert digital data to an analog signal.

2.4 Executable files can be transmitted using SMTP.

2.5 Today’s Cellular networks employ all three multiple access schemes namely FDMA, TDMA and CDMA.

2.6 TCP uses a credit-based flow and error control technique that is somewhat different from the sliding-window flow control found in X.25 and HDLC.

2.7 Two computers cannot be connected via USB cable.

2.8 A bridged network allows communication between two computers on one segment to occur simultaneously as communication between two computers on another segment.

2.9 ADSL provides a lower bit rate downstream than upstream.

2.10 HTTP use port 80.

X		Y
3.1	Connection Oriented WAN Technology	A.	Telnet
3.2	Circuit Switched B Channels and Packet Switched D Channel	B.	HDLC
3.3	RF based physical layer	C.	CBR
3.4	Remote Login Protocol	D.	HTTP
3.5	Connectionless protocol	E.	Frame Relay
3.6	World Wide Web	F.	TCP
3.7	Real Time Service	G.	ISDN
3.8	Optical Transmission Systems	H.	UDP
3.9	Number of hexadecimal digits in Ethernet address	I.	8
3.10	Data Link layer	J.	ATM
		K.	ABR
		L.	FHSS
		M.	12
		N.	WDM

A.	CSMS/CD	B.	X.25	C.	Distance vector
D.	QAM	E.	Congestion control	F.	Token bus
G.	ATM	H.	48 Bytes	I.	PSK
J.	Encryption	K.	CSMA/CA	L.	Masquerade
M.	Routing	N.	Ethernet	O.	Link-state
P.	64 Bytes	Q.	Starting Delimiter	R.	SONET

4.1 IEEE 802.3 is popularly known is ________.

4.2 ________ is the network technology that can be used in both LAN and WAN.

4.3 The main characteristics of ________ are link-by-link flow control, sequence numbering and error checking.

4.4 In order to ensure that collisions can be detected by all nodes on the Ethernet network, the lower bound on Ethernet packet length is ________.

4.5 In order to share the transmission media wireless LANs use the ________ scheme.

4.6 ________ is the analog signaling technique used in ADSL and is a combination of amplitude and phase modulation.

4.7 Optimality principle is used in ________.

4.8 A(n) ________ takes place when one entity pretends to be a different entity.

4.9 The first field in a Token Ring frame is called ________.

4.10 Routing protocols based on ________ does not exchange their routing tables periodically.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) Write in brief the features of the following transmission media:

i) Coaxial Cable

ii) Fiber Optic Cable

b) Find out the capacity of a telephone line that transmits frequencies from 300 Hz to 3400 Hz with a signal to noise ratio of 35dB.

c) What is pulse code modulation? What is the equivalent bit rate of a PCM channel having bandwidth of 4 KHz?

(8+3+4)

a) What is the difference between: -

i) datagram subnet and virtual-circuit subnet.

ii) circuit switching and packet switching.

b) What advantages does TCP have over UDP? What are the features, which make TCP a reliable protocol?

c) Explain the function of: Repeater, Bridge and Gateways.

(8+[2+2]+3)

a) Explain the operation of CRC error detection method. By means of an example show how:

i) The error detection bits are generated

ii) The received frame is checked for transmission errors

Use the generator polynomial x⁵ + x⁴ + x² + x + 1

b) What is static routing? How does it differ from dynamic routing?

c) Discuss the problem of count to infinity associated with distance vector routing technique.

(8+4+3)

a) What are the reasons for congestion in a network? Describe any one method for congestion control.

b) Could HDLC be used as a data link protocol for a LAN? Explain your answer.

c) Describe the advantages of a small cell size in ATM.

(7+4+4)

9. Write short notes on any three:

a) SNMP

b) VPN

c) Firewall

d) GSM

(5+5+5)

Leave a Comment » | Jan 2006 A Level | Tagged: A9-R3: DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS | Permalink
Posted by aggrkmhl

A8-R3: BASICS OF OS, UNIX AND SHELL PROGRAMMING

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1 Which one of the following is used to replace a single character in “vi”?

A) O

B) x

C) r

D) N

1.2 Which one of the following lets you know the line number of the current cursor position in “vi” ?

A) <ctrl> g

B) <ctrl> <shift> g

C) <ctrl> <alt> h

D) <ctrl.> h

1.3 The available disk space can be determined under Unix using the command

A) dir

B) df

C) du

D) file

1.4 “init” run-level for system shutdown is:

A) 3

B) 2

C) 1

D) 0

1.5 Which one of the following is a multipurpose tool?

A) grep

B) sed

C) awk

D) editor

1.6 Shell is:

A) Interactive command interpreter

B) Programming language

C) Both A) and B)

D) None of the above

1.7 Which one is an “awk” built-in variable

A) NFS

B) RF

C) OFS

D) None of the above

1.8 Which of the following keys when pressed will generate a shell signal?

A) <shift> <ctrl> a

B) <del>

C) <ctrl> a

D) <ctrl. <del>

1.9 State of a process changes from “run” to “ready” when:

A) Time slice expires

B) Waiting for disk read occurs

C) Waiting for user response occurs

D) All of the above

1.10 A new process executes in Unix by the following command:

A) execute ( )

B) exec ( )

C) exct ( )

D) xcute ( )

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 In “vi” A appends text at the end of line.

2.2 In “vi” cc changes a line.

2.3 A shell is a user interface.

2.4 i-node is a unix command.

2.5 awk is only a command.

2.6 passwd asks for the old password to every category of users.

2.7 init run level 3 is a full multi-user mode.

2.8 init startup file is /etc/initd.

2.9 forkp ( ) is used to create a process in Unix.

2.10 URL provides the location of the content searched for

X		Y
3.1	~	A.	Scheduling process
3.2	File restore	B.	Encryption of password
3.3	SMTP	C.	vi
3.4	IP	D.	HTML
3.5	/etc/shadow	E.	Toggle case of text in “vi”
3.6	File compression	F.	grep
3.7	lpsched	G.	tar
3.8	DNS	H.	A mail protocol
3.9	cron	I.	gzip
3.10	Request – reply protocol	J.	HOME
		K.	Domain Name Service
		L.	FTP
		M.	Client server protocol
		N.	WWW
		O.	An Internet protocol for transmission of data
		P.	Daemon

A.	sleep	B.	trap	C.	telnet
D.	nice	E.	awk	F.	head
G.	i-node	H.	magic-no	I.	getty
J.	startx	K.	in-core inode	L.	wait
M.	command	N.	a.out	O.	umask
P.	exec	Q.	PCB	R.	command

4.1 ________ can be used to change the default access permission of file.

4.2 Most of the function in “vi” operate in ________ mode.

4.3 To start X server manually ________ command is needed.

4.4 ________ can be single-line programs also.

4.5 init spawns a(n) ________ at every serial port connected to a Terminal.

4.6 The shell built-in command ________ setup a sequence of commands to be executed when a signal occurs.

4.7 Remote login to a machine can be done via ________ command.

4.8 The ________ command provides output from the beginning of the concerned file.

4.9 ________ contains the necessary information about a process.

4.10 ________ keeps description of an open file.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) Using “vi” (i) how do you save your work without leaving the editor?

Using “vi” (ii) how will you write selected lines to a file? Mention all options. Give suitable examples

(iii) What is “yanking”? What does the “!” operator do in “vi”?

b) What do the following commands in “vi” specify? How are they used?

i) map

ii) ?pat

iii) set

iv) ab

(9+6)

a) What are the advantages of having distinct disk partitions?

b) What are the components of every file system?

c) How does kernel access a file?

(5+5+5)

a) How does the “login:” prompt appear?

b) What is the use of sticky bit?

c) How does cron work?

d) What does shell’s & operator do?

(4+4+5+2)

a) What types of variables are PATH and HOME? Why are they called variables? In what ways are they used? What is sed?

b) What are the advantages of cpio over tar?

c) How a client-server environment is created in X?

d) What is xterm?

(6+4+3+2)

a) Write a script to check whether right number of arguments (say, 4) have been entered.

b) Consider the following table:

Employee id	Name	Designation	Department	Date of birth	Salary
2256	A. SINHA	Manager	Sales	01/01/50	12000
2334	R. KUMAR	Sp. Officer	Accounts	02/12/66	15000
2987	B. ROY	Director	Personnel	03/02/58	20000
3214	M. PRAKASH	Manager	R & D	04/06/70	12500

Using awk find the employees who are either born in 1966 or drawing a salary greater than 12000/-.

c) What is grep used for? What are its various options? Give the syntax of the command.

d) What is the purpose of nice command?

(5+4+4+2)

Leave a Comment » | Jan 2006 A Level | Tagged: A8-R3: BASICS OF OS, UNIX AND SHELL PROGRAMMING | Permalink
Posted by aggrkmhl

A7-R3: INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1 Pick the odd one out

A) Primary key

B) Super key

C) Candidate key

D) Foreign key

1.2 Relational Algebra is

A) Data Definition Language

B) Meta Language

C) Procedural query language

D) Non procedural language

1.3 One of the following is a valid record -based data models

A) Object-oriented model

B) Relational model

C) Entity-relationship model

D) None of the above

1.4 One of the following steps is not involved in processing a query

A) Parsing and translation

B) Optimization

C) Evaluation

D) Distribution

1.5 Which one of the following describes the timestamp-based protocols correctly?

A) This protocol requires that each transaction issue lock and unlock requests in two phases.

B) This protocol employs only exclusive locks.

C) This protocol selects an ordering among transaction in advance.

D) None of the above

1.6 Which one of the following is not a valid relational database?

A) SYBASE

B) ORACLE

C) IMS

D) UNIFY

1.7 4NF is designed to cope with

A) transitive dependency

B) join dependency

C) multi valued dependency

D) none of these

1.8 Which one of the following is a valid join type?

A) natural

B) full outer join

C) on

D) using

1.9 Which one of the following is not a valid aggregation function in SQL?

A) avg

B) min

C) where

D) sum

1.10 Which of the following is not a valid unary operation in the relational algebra?

A) select

B) min

C) project

D) rename

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 A relationship is an association among several entities.

2.2 Physical data models are used to describe data at the highest level.

2.3 QBE is based on the tuple relational calculus.

2.4 The database schema and the database instance are the same thing.

2.5 Functional dependencies are constraints on the set of legal relations.

2.6 Integrity constraint guard against accidental damage to the database.

2.7 One-way to ensure serializability is to require that access to data items be done in a mutually I exclusive manner.

2.8 The cost of processing a query is not dependent on disk access.

2.9 The recovery scheme does not depend on the concurrency control scheme.

2.10 Deadlocks can be described precisely in terms of a directed graph.

X		Y
3.1	Dense index	A.	data are represented by collection of records and relationship among data are represented by links
3.2	Transaction	B.	Query language based on both the relational algebra and the tuple relational calculus
3.3	Shadow Paging	C.	The index structure is the most widely used to several index structures that maintain their efficiency despite insertion and deletion of data
3.4	Referential integrity constraint	D.	A record appears for every search key value in the file
3.5	Committed	E.	A recovery technique
3.6	B+ tree index	F.	This ensures that a value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appears for a certain set of attributes in another relation
3.7	Network Model	G.	The successful completion of a transaction
3.8	Entity	H.	A unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items
3.9	DMI	I.	A powerful declarative query language
3.10	Embedded SQL	J.	An object in the real world that is distinguishable from all other objects
		K.	The number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a relationship set
		L.	BCNF

A.	merge-join	B.	natural join	C.	starvation
D.	rollback	E.	from	F.	replicate
G.	cartesian product	H.	relational algebra	I.	fragmented
J.	ordered	K.	transaction	L.	division
M.	hash	N.	trigger	O.	super key

4.1 The _________________ operation allows to combine information from any two relations.

4.2 A(n) ___________________ is a statement that is executed automatically by the system as a side effect of a modification to the database.

4.3 The __________________ algorithm can be used to compute natural joins and equi-joins.

4.4 If a relation is __________________ a copy of that is stored in two or more sites.

4.5 A(n) _______________________is a set of one or more attributes that taken collectively allows us to identify uniquely an entity in the entity set.

4.6 A(n) ______________________ is a collection of operations that performs a single logical function in a database application.

4.7 The ______________________ clause by itself defines a Cartesian product of the relations in the clause.

4.8 ________________________ indices are based on the values being distributed informally across a range of buckets.

4.9 The___________________ is a situation where a transaction never completes its designated task.

4.10 The___________________ operation is suited to queries that include the phase “for all”.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) Construct an E-R diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors. Associate with each patient a log of the various tests and examinations conducted.

b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Database Processing?

(10+5)

a) List and explain with suitable example five primary relational algebra operators.

b) What is meant by Heuristic Optimization? Discuss the main heuristics that are applied to query optimization?

(10+5)

a) Consider the insurance database given below:

person (driver-id, name, address)

car (license, model, year)

accident (report-number, date, location)

owns (driver-id, license)

participated (driver-id, car, report-number, damage-amount)

Construct the following SQL queries for this relational database.

i) Find the total number of people who owned cars that were involved in accidents in 2004.

ii) Find the number of accidents in which the cars belonging to “Thakre” were involved.

iii) Delete the Mazda belonging to “S Khan”.

b) How does SQL allow implementation of entity and integrity constraints?

(9+6)

a) List and explain Armstrong’s Axioms.

b) Explain the purpose and utility of different normal forms. Specifically define and differentiate between third normal form and BCNF.

c) What is referential integrity? Explain with suitable examples.

(5+5+5)

a) Explain ACID property of transactions.

b) What do you understand by lock granularity? Explain

c) Explain in brief working of two-phase locking protocol.

(5+5+5)

Leave a Comment » | Jan 2006 A Level | Tagged: A7-R3: INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS | Permalink
Posted by aggrkmhl

A6-R3: DATA STRUCTURE THROUGH ‘C’ LANGUAGE

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1. Adjacency matrix for a digraph is

A) Unit Matrix

B) Symmetric Matrix

C) Asymmetric matrix

D) none of the above

1.2. Time complexity of insertion sort algorithm in the best case is

A) O(n)

B) O(n log₂n)

C) O(n²)

D) none of the above

1.3. The prefix expression for the infix expression a * ( b + c ) /e – f is

A) /* a + bc – ef

B) -/ * + abc ef

C) - / * a + bcef

D) none of the above

1.4. In linked list representation, a node contains at least

A) node address field, data field

B) node number, data field

C) next address field, information field

D) none of the above

1.5. Number of nods in a complete binary tree of depth k is

A) 2^k

B) 2k

C) 2^k-1

D) none of the above

1.6. The smallest number of keys that will force a B-Tree of order 3 to have a height 3 is:

A) 12

B) 10

C) 7

D) none of the above

1.7. Given two sorted lists of size “m” and “n” respectively, the number of comparisons needed in the worst case by the merge sort will be:

A) m*n

B) max(m,n)

C) min(m.n)

D) m + n – 1

1.8 Any string of bits of length n represents a unique non-negative integer between

A) 0 and 2^n-1 -1

B) 0 and 2^n-1

C) 1 and 2^n-1

D) none of the above

1.9 Which of the following expressions accesses the (i,j)^th entry of a m ´ n matrix stored in a column major form ?

A) m * ( i –1 ) + j

B) m * ( j –1 ) + i

C) m * ( n – j ) + i

D) m * ( m – i ) + j

1.10 The following sequence of operation is performed on a stack

push(1), push (2), pop, push(1), push(2), pop, pop, pop, push(2), pop.

The sequences of popped out values are

A) 2, 2, 1, 2, 1

B) 2, 2, 1, 1, 2

C) 2, 1, 2, 2, 1

D) 2, 1, 2, 2, 2

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 All primitive recursive functions can be solved iteratively.

2.2 Breadth – first search algorithm can only be used for undirected graph.

2.3 De-referencing operator * has the same effect when it is applied to a pointer or to a structure.

2.4 Binary search performs efficiently on a linked list.

2.5 A symbol table can be constructed using binary tree.

2.6 A pre-order and post-order traversal sequence uniquely defines a tree.

2.7 If an undirected graph is of “n” vertices and “e” edges then the sum of degrees of all vertices is 2e.

2.8 The adjacency matrix corresponding to a graph consisting of “n” nodes but no edges is a unit matrix.

2.9 Recursion cannot be removed without using a stack.

2.10 Pointers are used for dynamically allocated memory.

X		Y
3.1	Order notation	A.	Stack
3.2	Pattern matching	B.	Dynamic storage allocation
3.3	Dynamic data structure	C.	Two’s compliment
3.4	Height Balanced Trees	D.	Primitive data type
3.5	Data structure for back tracking	E.	Finite automata
3.6	Circular list with “head” pointing to the last node	F.	Adjacency list
3.7	Suitable data structure for efficiently computing adjacent vartices of a given vertex	G.	Adjacency matrix
3.8	Partition exchange sort	H.	AVL Trees
3.9	Stable sorting Algorithm	I.	Adjacency multi list
3.10	Unique representation for zero	J.	Queue
		K.	Tree
		L.	Breadth – first
		M.	Depth – first
		N.	Quick sort
		O.	merge sort
		P.	Complexity measurement

A.	circular queue	B.	stack	C.	simple queue
D.	band	E.	sparse	F.	many-to-many
G.	one-to-many	H.	depth-first-search	I.	breadth-first search
J.	log₂ n	K.	n log₂n	L.	E / (n + 1)
M.	Insertion	N.	Log₂ n + 1	O.	recursive
P.	Compaction	Q.	N

4.1 Matrices in which non-zero entries tend to cluster around the middle of each row are called __________ matrix.

4.2 A graph represents ________ relationship between nodes.

4.3 ___________ can be used to find the shortest distance between given two nodes in a graph.

4.4 Time complexity of inserting an element to a heap of “n” elements is of the order of _________.

4.5 If “E” is the total external length of a binary tree with “n” nodes then average number of comparisons for unsuccessful search is ________________.

4.6 _________ data structure may give overflow error, even though the current number of elements in it is less than its size.

4.7 Conversion of infix arithmetic expression to prefix expression requires the use of __________.

4.8 The minimum number of edges in a connected cyclic graph of “n” vertices is_________.

4.9 Linked list is preferred over an array for _________ operation.

4.10 Recursion often provides elegant solution to programming task but _______ function chew up a lot of memory.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) What are the limitations of array data structure?

b) Show with the help of an example, how the above limitations can be avoided by “linked” representation of lists?

c) Show the representation of linked lists using arrays.

d) What do you mean by linear list and generalized list?

(4+4+4+3)

a) Write a “C” function to copy one stack to another assuming the stack is implemented using array.

b) Write an algorithm to evaluate Postfix expression with the help of a stack.

(8+7)

a) Write a “C” function to implement the Knuth Mooris Pratt algorithm for string searching.

b) A function A(m,n) is defined as follows.

A(m,n) = n + 1, if m = 0

= A ( m – 1, 1), if n = 0

= A(m – 1, A(m, n-1)), otherwise

write a recursive “C” function to compute A(m,n)

(8+7)

a) Prove that the maximum number of nodes in a binary tree of height “k” is 2^k+1-1.

b) Consider the following binary tree

Indicate the output in the following cases: -

i) When the tree is traversed in an “inorder” fashion.

ii) When the tree is traversed in an “preorder” fashion.

iii) When the tree is traversed in an “Postorder” fashion.

(6+[3×3])

a) Show with the help of an example that the simple selection sort is not data sensitive.

b) Find the time complexity of the simple selection sort.

c) Write a recursive “C” function to implement binary search.

(6+3+6)

10.

a) Write a “C” function to compute the in-degree and out-degree of a vertex of a directed graph when the graph is represented by an adjacency list.

b) What is a spanning tree? What do you mean by minimal spanning tree?

(9+[3+3])

Leave a Comment » | Jan 2006 A Level | Tagged: A6-R3: DATA STRUCTURE THROUGH ‘C’ LANGUAGE | Permalink
Posted by aggrkmhl

A5-R3: STRUCTURED SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

(Answer all the questions)

1.1 Which of the following is the most important phase of SDLC

A) Requirements Analysis

B) Design

C) Testing

D) Coding

1.2 An Entity in ER diagram represents what in DFD?

A) Data Flow

B) Store

C) Process

D) Both A) and b)

1.3 The output of System Design stage is represented by

A) ER diagram

B) Context Diagram

C) Structure Chart

D) Activity Diagram

1.4 UML stands for

A) Unified Modeling Language

B) Unified Modular Language

C) Unique Modeling Language

D) None of the above

1.5 The largest percentage of total life cycle cost of software is

A) Design cost

B) Maintenance cost

C) Coding cost

D) Testing cost

1.6 The popular project management technique/s is/are:

A) Critical Path Method

B) Gantt Chart

C) PERT

D) All of the above

1.7 Which of the following is not a Cost Benefit Analysis Technique

A) Net present value

B) Return on Investment

C) Break Even analysis

D) JAD

1.8 Which one of the following Testing is done by user?

A) Acceptance testing

B) Stub Testing

C) Unit Testing

D) All of the above

1.9 Cost of error correction is least at

A) Design stage

B) Requirement analysis stage

C) Development stage

D) Implementation stage

1.10 A new instance of a class is created by:

A) Query operation

B) Constructor operation

C) Update operation

D) Destructor operation

2. Each statement below is either TRUE or FALSE. Choose the most appropriate one and ENTER in the “tear-off” sheet attached to the question paper, following instructions therein. (1 x 10)

2.1 DFD is used to represent the functional view of the application Domain.

2.2 Use Case Diagram Plays the same role in Object Oriented Analysis and Design that Context Diagram plays in Structured Analysis and Design.

2.3 Changes made to an Information System to evolve its functionality to meet the changing requirements are called corrective maintenance.

2.4 A database administrator is one who designs the database for an application.

2.5 All activities lying on critical path have slack time equal to zero.

2.6 In second normal form non-key attributes do not depend on other non-key data elements.

2.7 PERT stands for Project Evaluation Review Technique.

2.8 UML consists of nine diagrams.

2.9 In order to maintain the software efficiently, the modules must have high coupling.

2.10 Data dictionary is a technique for writing process specifications.

X		Y
3.1	Benefits that can be measured in Rupees and with certainity	A.	Computer system security
3.2	The Repository of all data items	B.	Component Diagram
3.3	Data at rest	C.	Tangible Benefits
3.4	Disaster Recovery	D.	Data store
3.5	A diagram which shows the Architectural View	E.	Class Diagram
3.6	One of the concept used in Use case Diagram	F.	Cohesion
3.7	One of the technique to control the User access	G.	Data dictionary
3.8	Extent to which modules are dependent on each other	H.	Temporal Cohesion
3.9	Changing a system in response to environmental changes	I.	Class
3.10	Part of relationship	J.	View
		K.	Coupling
		L.	Generalization
		M.	Configuration Management
		N.	Adaptive maintenance
		O.	Aggregation
		P.	Actor

A.	CPM	B.	functional	C.	Flat
D.	Data couple	E.	Inspection	F.	Network diagram
G.	System	H.	Transitive	I.	Sequence Diagram
J.	CASE Tools	K.	Context diagram	L.	Audit trail
M.	Component Diagram	N.	Cardinality	O.	Requirement analysis
P.	System	Q.	Software	R.	Code Generators
S.	Degree	T.	System Design

4.1 A(n) ________ is an interrelated set of components with an identifiable boundary working together for some purpose.

4.2 PERT and ________ are techniques for scheduling project plans.

4.3 Tools that enable the automatic generation of program and database definition code directly from design documents, diagrams, forms and reports are called ________.

4.4 In UML collaboration diagram and ________ are complementary to each other.

4.5 A(n) ________ dependency in a relation exists between two non-key attributes.

4.6 A(n) ________ shows data being exchanged between the modules.

4.7 ________ is a formal group activity where participants manually examine code for occurrence of errors.

4.8 ________ is a list of changes to a data file which allows business transactions to be traced.

4.9 The number of entity types that participate in a relationship is called ________ of the relationship.

4.10 The phase of SDLC in which all functional features of the system are described independently of any computer platform is called ________.

PART TWO

(Answer any FOUR questions)

a) What are the different stages of object oriented development life cycle?

b) Define a system. What are its characteristics?

c) What are the three views of modelling? Explain briefly their purpose and also name the models used to represent these views.

(6+4+5)

a) Explain the purpose of making decisions tree and decision tables. Why do we record data descriptions?

b) An Art Gallery is the business of buying and selling paintings. Artists can register with the gallery for selling their Paintings by paying a nominal amount. Whenever artists approach the Gallery for registration. Gallery checks the past auction records to know about the artist’s standing. If satisfied, artist is given a registration code. In case artist is a new artist he is given six months temporary registration code to prove himself failing to which his registration is cancelled. Paintings can be classified as masterpiece, masterwork and other paintings. They can be also categorized as landscape, portrait spiritual etc. For every painting to be sold, its title, date of work, artist name, medium used, size, classification, expected price by the artist and target selling price are recorded. Once the painting is sold, status is changed to sold. Every three months, payments to be made to various artists are computed and cheques are dispatched. Gallery also maintains the record of customers who visit the gallery. Based on their past purchases, customers are also offered discounts. Customers also record their liking for the artists so that Gallery can contact them when paintings by those artists are available. Gallery also keeps updating the auction records. Gallery also gives its exhibition hall on rent to the customers for holding exhibition.

For these requirements draw a Context Diagram.

c) What is quality assurance? What factors determine quality of a system?

(6+5+4)

a) Write the names of diagrams used by UML.

b) Explain the functions of Transaction Processing System, Decision Support System and Expert System.

c) Write the basic principles of successful systems.

(3+7+5)

a) Explain the methods of interacting while designing Human Computer Interface.

b) A module of an Employee Management System computes salary of the employees. Each employee can have status or worker, instructor or manager. Each of these is given fixed salary per week. However if the employees work more than 40 hours per week, they are given fixed salary plus extra money per hours as per following rate.

Worker - Rs. 100

Manager - Rs. 200

Instructor - Rs. 150

In case an employee works more than 80 hours in a week he also given an additional allowance of Rs. 1000. Prepare a decision table to show the logic of the module.

c) Write a note on the responsibilities of system analyst.

(4+6+5)

9. Write short notes on any three:

a) Use case Diagram

b) Types of Coupling

c) Types of feasibility

d) Techniques for writing

(3×5)

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A4-R3: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

September 28, 2008

PART ONE

1.4 Translation operations can result in -

PART ONE

PART ONE

PART TWO

PART ONE

PART ONE

File restore

SMTP

IP

/etc/shadow

File compression

lpsched

DNS

cron

Request – reply protocol

A.

B.

C.

PART TWO

Name

Designation

PART ONE

X

PART TWO

PART ONE

A.

B.

C.

PART TWO

PART ONE

PART TWO